Vivid Christianity
Teaching Christians how to live a "vivid" Christian life.



Understanding Jesus - Part One of Three



by Dave Root, VividChristianity.com, last modified on 07/06/2024.


Introduction

According to various Greek dictionaries, the Greek word for "Christian" means "follower of Christ." In order to become mature followers of Christ, we need to understand some things about Him.

It's not possible for us to understand everything about Jesus while we're in these flawed human bodies, but this series will provide some important information to help us know Him better.

Update on 07/06/2024: If everything at my website (VividChristianity.com) says what God wants it to say then He will confirm that for you by doing a miracle (if you're a Christian). When you see the miracle, it means that He wants you to believe everything in all of the articles at my website (including this article) and in my book. See my home page for the details.


Jesus Talks to Us, Guides Us, Teaches Us

The Bible commands us to be led by the Spirit of God, so in obedience to God, every Christian needs to learn how to discern the guidance of the Holy Spirit within them. He's the Teacher (John 14:26), and He will help us understand what the Bible says (1 Corinthians 2:14) and lead us on the individual path that God has in mind for each of us (see my article called How to Discern God's Guidance).

There is only one God, and He exists in three divine Persons: the Father, the Son (Jesus Christ), and the Holy Spirit, so where the Holy Spirit is, Jesus and the Father are there as well (see my article called Cheat Sheet #31). When the Holy Spirit speaks to us, that's Jesus speaking to us.

Jesus said that those who are of God hear God's words. He said that He will not leave us as orphans, but that He will come to us through the Holy Spirit inside us. He also said that His sheep listen to His voice, and that we should not live on bread alone but on every word that comes from the mouth of God. We're told that the Holy Spirit is the Spirit of truth and the Spirit of wisdom and revelation who fills us with the knowledge of His will so that we may know God better. We're told to live by the Spirit and be led by the Spirit, and that spiritual truths can only be discerned through the Spirit, so that we may understand what God has freely given us. We're also told that the Lord gives us insight into His will, and that we must listen to everything He tells us.

Jesus is the Head and each Christian is a part of His physical body on earth (Romans 12:4-5, 1 Corinthians 12:12-31, Ephesians 1:22-23, 4:15-16, 5:23-24, Colossians 1:18, 24). Just as your head constantly tells different parts of your body what to do, where to go, and what to say, our Head (Jesus) constantly tells different parts of His physical body what to do, where to go, and what to say. Each part of Christ's physical body (each Christian) needs to be listening to and obeying our Head because if we're not listening to Him then we're not fully obeying Him (think about it for a moment), and we'll be disciplined (perhaps severely) (see my article called Cheat Sheet #11).

To learn how to discern what He is telling you throughout the day, every day, see my article called How to Discern God's Guidance.

Relevant passages:
He who is of God hears God's words; therefore you do not hear, because you are not of God. (John 8:47 NKJV)

And I will ask the Father, and he will give you another Counselor to be with you forever - the Spirit of truth. The world cannot accept him, because it neither sees him nor knows him. But you know him, for he lives with you and will be in you. I will not leave you as orphans; I will come to you. Before long, the world will not see me anymore, but you will see me. Because I live, you also will live. On that day you will realize that I am in my Father, and you are in me, and I am in you. (John 14:16-20)

But the Advocate, the Holy Spirit, whom the Father will send in my name, will teach you all things and will remind you of everything I have said to you. (John 14:26)

I have much more to say to you, more than you can now bear. But when he, the Spirit of truth, comes, he will guide you into all the truth. He will not speak on his own; he will speak only what he hears, and he will tell you what is yet to come. He will glorify me because it is from me that he will receive what he will make known to you. All that belongs to the Father is mine. That is why I said the Spirit will receive from me what he will make known to you. (John 16:12-15)

Paul and his companions traveled throughout the region of Phrygia and Galatia, having been kept by the Holy Spirit from preaching the word in the province of Asia. When they came to the border of Mysia, they tried to enter Bithynia, but the Spirit of Jesus would not allow them to. (Acts 16:6-7)
[As my article called How to Discern God's Guidance explains, the Holy Spirit will also guide us if we're listening for His guidance.]

Therefore, brothers and sisters, we have an obligation - but it is not to the flesh, to live according to it. For if you live according to the flesh, you will die; but if by the Spirit you put to death the misdeeds of the body, you will live. For those who are led by the Spirit of God are the children of God. (Romans 8:12-14)

What we have received is not the spirit of the world, but the Spirit who is from God, so that we may understand what God has freely given us. (1 Corinthians 2:12)

The person without the Spirit does not accept the things that come from the Spirit of God but considers them foolishness, and cannot understand them because they are discerned only through the Spirit. The person with the Spirit makes judgments about all things, but such a person is not subject to merely human judgments, for, "Who has known the mind of the Lord so as to instruct him?" But we have the mind of Christ. (1 Corinthians 2:14-16)
[Spiritual truths can only be discerned through the Spirit of God, so we need His help to properly discern and interpret the truths in the Bible.]

So I say, walk by the Spirit, and you will not gratify the desires of the flesh. For the flesh desires what is contrary to the Spirit, and the Spirit what is contrary to the flesh. They are in conflict with each other, so that you are not to do whatever you want. But if you are led by the Spirit, you are not under the law...Since we live by the Spirit, let us keep in step with the Spirit. (Galatians 5:16-18, 25)

I keep asking that the God of our Lord Jesus Christ, the glorious Father, may give you the Spirit of wisdom and revelation, so that you may know him better. I pray that the eyes of your heart may be enlightened in order that you may know the hope to which he has called you, the riches of his glorious inheritance in his holy people (Ephesians 1:17-18)

For this reason, since the day we heard about you, we have not stopped praying for you. We continually ask God to fill you with the knowledge of his will through all the wisdom and understanding that the Spirit gives (Colossians 1:9)

Man shall not live on bread alone, but on every word that comes from the mouth of God (Matthew 4:4)

While he was still speaking, a bright cloud covered them, and a voice from the cloud said, "This is my Son, whom I love; with him I am well pleased. Listen to him!" (Matthew 17:5)

The Jews there were amazed and asked, "How did this man get such learning without having been taught?" Jesus answered, "My teaching is not my own. It comes from the one who sent me. Anyone who chooses to do the will of God will find out whether my teaching comes from God or whether I speak on my own. (John 7:15-17)

The one who enters by the gate is the shepherd of the sheep. The gatekeeper opens the gate for him, and the sheep listen to his voice. He calls his own sheep by name and leads them out. When he has brought out all his own, he goes on ahead of them, and his sheep follow him because they know his voice...I am the good shepherd; I know my sheep and my sheep know me - just as the Father knows me and I know the Father - and I lay down my life for the sheep. I have other sheep that are not of this sheep pen. I must bring them also. They too will listen to my voice, and there shall be one flock and one shepherd...The works I do in my Father's name testify about me, but you do not believe because you are not my sheep. My sheep listen to my voice; I know them, and they follow me. I give them eternal life, and they shall never perish; no one will snatch them out of my hand. (John 10:2-4, 14-16, 25-28)
[As Bible commentaries point out, the "sheep" are Jewish Christians and the "other sheep" are Gentile (non-Jewish) Christians. There were no Gentile Christians until after the cross (Acts 10:1-11:18), so when Jesus said that "They too will listen to my voice," this means that hearing Jesus' voice was not just while He was on the earth. All Christians need to be listening to His voice even after the cross because we have His Spirit in our hearts to guide us and teach us.]

"You are a king, then!" said Pilate. Jesus answered, "You say that I am a king. In fact, the reason I was born and came into the world is to testify to the truth. Everyone on the side of truth listens to me." (John 18:37)

Repent, then, and turn to God, so that your sins may be wiped out, that times of refreshing may come from the Lord, and that he may send the Messiah, who has been appointed for you - even Jesus. Heaven must receive him until the time comes for God to restore everything, as he promised long ago through his holy prophets. For Moses said, 'The Lord your God will raise up for you a prophet like me from among your own people; you must listen to everything he tells you. Anyone who does not listen to him will be completely cut off from their people.' (Acts 3:19-23)

Thanks be to God, who put into the heart of Titus the same concern I have for you. (2 Corinthians 8:16)

Be very careful, then, how you live - not as unwise but as wise, making the most of every opportunity, because the days are evil. Therefore do not be foolish, but understand what the Lord's will is. (Ephesians 5:15-17)

And let the peace (soul harmony which comes) from the Christ rule (act as umpire continually) in your hearts - deciding and settling with finality all questions that arise in your minds - [in that peaceful state] to which [as members of Christ's] one body you were also called [to live]. And be thankful - appreciative, giving praise to God always. (Colossians 3:15 AMP)
[The Amplified Version of the Bible (AMP) uses parentheses and square brackets to provide nuances and shades of meaning from the original Hebrew and Greek to help us better understand the intended meaning of Scripture passages]

No one serving as a soldier gets entangled in civilian affairs, but rather tries to please his commanding officer. Similarly, anyone who competes as an athlete does not receive the victor's crown except by competing according to the rules. The hardworking farmer should be the first to receive a share of the crops. Reflect on what I am saying, for the Lord will give you insight into all this. (2 Timothy 2:4-7)

So, as the Holy Spirit says: "Today, if you hear his voice, do not harden your hearts as you did in the rebellion, during the time of testing in the wilderness, where your ancestors tested and tried me, though for forty years they saw what I did. That is why I was angry with that generation; I said, 'Their hearts are always going astray, and they have not known my ways.' So I declared on oath in my anger, 'They shall never enter my rest.'" (Hebrews 3:7-11)

The one who keeps God's commands lives in him, and he in them. And this is how we know that he lives in us: We know it by the Spirit he gave us. (1 John 3:24)

Here I am! I stand at the door and knock. If anyone hears my voice and opens the door, I will come in and eat with that person, and they with me. (Revelation 3:20)


Jesus Is Our King, Our Savior, Our Brother, Our Friend

Jesus is our King, and we are part of His kingdom:
"Jesus said, "My kingdom is not of this world. If it were, my servants would fight to prevent my arrest by the Jewish leaders. But now my kingdom is from another place." "You are a king, then!" said Pilate. Jesus answered, "You say that I am a king. In fact, the reason I was born and came into the world is to testify to the truth. Everyone on the side of truth listens to me."" (John 18:36-37)

"Here is a trustworthy saying that deserves full acceptance: Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners - of whom I am the worst. But for that very reason I was shown mercy so that in me, the worst of sinners, Christ Jesus might display his immense patience as an example for those who would believe in him and receive eternal life. Now to the King eternal, immortal, invisible, the only God, be honor and glory for ever and ever. Amen." (1 Timothy 1:15-17)

"The Lord will rescue me from every evil attack and will bring me safely to his heavenly kingdom. To him be glory for ever and ever. Amen." (2 Timothy 4:18)

"But about the Son he says, "Your throne, O God, will last for ever and ever; a scepter of justice will be the scepter of your kingdom."" (Hebrews 1:8)

"and you will receive a rich welcome into the eternal kingdom of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ." (2 Peter 1:11)

"They will wage war against the Lamb, but the Lamb will triumph over them because he is Lord of lords and King of kings - and with him will be his called, chosen and faithful followers." (Revelation 17:14)

"I saw heaven standing open and there before me was a white horse, whose rider is called Faithful and True. With justice he judges and wages war. His eyes are like blazing fire, and on his head are many crowns. He has a name written on him that no one knows but he himself. He is dressed in a robe dipped in blood, and his name is the Word of God. The armies of heaven were following him, riding on white horses and dressed in fine linen, white and clean. Coming out of his mouth is a sharp sword with which to strike down the nations. "He will rule them with an iron scepter." He treads the winepress of the fury of the wrath of God Almighty. On his robe and on his thigh he has this name written: KING OF KINGS AND LORD OF LORDS." (Revelation 19:11-16)

Jesus is our Savior:
"The God of our ancestors raised Jesus from the dead - whom you killed by hanging him on a cross. God exalted him to his own right hand as Prince and Savior that he might bring Israel to repentance and forgive their sins." (Acts 5:30-31)

"But our citizenship is in heaven. And we eagerly await a Savior from there, the Lord Jesus Christ," (Philippians 3:20)

"but it has now been revealed through the appearing of our Savior, Christ Jesus, who has destroyed death and has brought life and immortality to light through the gospel." (2 Timothy 1:10)

"To Titus, my true son in our common faith: Grace and peace from God the Father and Christ Jesus our Savior." (Titus 1:4)

"while we wait for the blessed hope - the appearing of the glory of our great God and Savior, Jesus Christ," (Titus 2:13)

Jesus is our brother:
"For those who are led by the Spirit of God are the children of God. The Spirit you received does not make you slaves, so that you live in fear again; rather, the Spirit you received brought about your adoption to sonship. And by him we cry, "Abba, Father." The Spirit himself testifies with our spirit that we are God's children. Now if we are children, then we are heirs - heirs of God and co-heirs with Christ, if indeed we share in his sufferings in order that we may also share in his glory." (Romans 8:14-17)

"For those God foreknew he also predestined to be conformed to the image of his Son, that he might be the firstborn among many brothers and sisters." (Romans 8:29)

"But when the set time had fully come, God sent his Son, born of a woman, born under the law, to redeem those under the law, that we might receive adoption to sonship. Because you are his sons, God sent the Spirit of his Son into our hearts, the Spirit who calls out, "Abba, Father." So you are no longer a slave, but God's child; and since you are his child, God has made you also an heir." (Galatians 4:4-7)

"For he chose us in him before the creation of the world to be holy and blameless in his sight. In love he predestined us for adoption to sonship through Jesus Christ, in accordance with his pleasure and will" (Ephesians 1:4-5)

"Both the one who makes people holy and those who are made holy are of the same family. So Jesus is not ashamed to call them brothers and sisters." (Hebrews 2:11)

Jesus is our friend (if we do what He commanded by loving each other):
"My command is this: Love each other as I have loved you. Greater love has no one than this: to lay down one's life for one's friends. You are my friends if you do what I command. I no longer call you servants, because a servant does not know his master's business. Instead, I have called you friends, for everything that I learned from my Father I have made known to you. You did not choose me, but I chose you and appointed you so that you might go and bear fruit - fruit that will last - and so that whatever you ask in my name the Father will give you. This is my command: Love each other." (John 15:12-17)

Jesus Is the One and Only Son of God

Notice what the apostle John said about Jesus:
"The Word became flesh and made his dwelling among us. We have seen his glory, the glory of the One and Only [monogenes], who came from the Father, full of grace and truth." (John 1:14)

"No one has ever seen God, but God the One and Only [monogenes], who is at the Father's side, has made him known." (John 1:18)

"For God so loved the world that he gave his one and only [monogenes] Son, that whoever believes in him shall not perish but have eternal life." (John 3:16)

"Whoever believes in him is not condemned, but whoever does not believe stands condemned already because he has not believed in the name of God's one and only [monogenes] Son." (John 3:18)

"This is how God showed his love among us: He sent his one and only [monogenes] Son into the world that we might live through him." (1 John 4:9)
The King James Version translates the Greek word monogenes as "only begotten," but other translations of the Bible use "only" or "one and only." The word means:
"from monos (3441), only, and genos (1085), stock. Unique, one of a kind, one and only...John alone uses monogenes to describe the relation of Jesus to God the Father, presenting Him as the unique one, the only one (monos) of a class or kind (genos), in the discussion of the relationship of the Son to the Father (John 1:14, 18; 3:16, 18; 1 John 4:9)." (The Complete Word Study Dictionary of the Old and New Testaments, Dr. Spiros Zodhiates)
So Jesus is the unique, one of a kind, one and only, only begotten, Son of God (see my article called Cheat Sheet #31).

Imagine that I create something that looks and acts like a little boy, such as a puppet or a robot. No matter how lifelike it might be, it's a created object and therefore it can't truly be my son. In exactly the same way, if Jesus were a created being then He would not truly be the Son of God. Since the Bible tells us that Jesus is the Son of God, this means that Jesus cannot be a created being.

If a human mother and a human father have a son together, the son must be human as well. It won't be a dog or a cat or any other creature. The son has the same nature as his parents, so he is human. In exactly the same way, since the Father is God, the Son must be God as well. Jesus has the same nature as His Father, so Jesus is God.

But why did He need to become human? According to the Bible, here are some of the reasons why Jesus needed to become fully human:
  • To atone for sin. Jesus had human blood but without any sin as we'll see in Part Two, and therefore He was able to be the perfect sacrifice for sin:

    "For the Son of Man came to seek and to save what was lost." (Luke 19:10)

    "No one has ever gone into heaven except the one who came from heaven - the Son of Man. Just as Moses lifted up the snake in the desert, so the Son of Man must be lifted up [on the cross], that everyone who believes in him may have eternal life. For God so loved the world that he gave his one and only Son, that whoever believes in him shall not perish but have eternal life. For God did not send his Son into the world to condemn the world, but to save the world through him." (John 3:13-17)

    "But you know that he appeared so that he might take away our sins. And in him is no sin." (1 John 3:5)

  • To ransom and redeem us by taking our place as the devil's captive so that humans would be set free from the devil's domain as we'll see in Part Two:

    "just as the Son of Man did not come to be served, but to serve, and to give his life as a ransom for many." (Matthew 20:28)

    "for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God, and all are justified freely by his grace through the redemption that came by Christ Jesus." (Romans 3:23-24)

    "Christ redeemed us from the curse of the law by becoming a curse for us, for it is written: "Cursed is everyone who is hung on a pole."" (Galatians 3:13)

    "For there is one God and one mediator between God and mankind, the man Christ Jesus, who gave himself as a ransom for all people. This has now been witnessed to at the proper time." (1 Timothy 2:5-6)

  • To reveal the Father:

    "All things have been committed to me by my Father. No one knows the Son except the Father, and no one knows the Father except the Son and those to whom the Son chooses to reveal him." (Matthew 11:27)

    "No one has ever seen God, but God the One and Only, who is at the Father's side, has made him known." (John 1:18)

    ""If you really knew me, you would know my Father as well. From now on, you do know him and have seen him." Philip said, "Lord, show us the Father and that will be enough for us." Jesus answered: "Don't you know me, Philip, even after I have been among you such a long time? Anyone who has seen me has seen the Father. How can you say, 'Show us the Father'? Don't you believe that I am in the Father, and that the Father is in me? The words I say to you are not just my own. Rather, it is the Father, living in me, who is doing his work."" (John 14:7-10)

  • To be the perfect human and our perfect role model as we'll see in Part Three:

    "Follow my example, as I follow the example of Christ." (1 Corinthians 11:1)

    "To this you were called, because Christ suffered for you, leaving you an example, that you should follow in his steps." (1 Peter 2:21)

    "Whoever claims to live in him must walk as Jesus did." (1 John 2:6)

  • To be a mediator between God and humans:

    "For there is one God and one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus" (1 Timothy 2:5)

    "But in fact the ministry Jesus has received is as superior to theirs as the covenant of which he is mediator is superior to the old one, since the new covenant is established on better promises." (Hebrews 8:6)

    "For this reason Christ is the mediator of a new covenant, that those who are called may receive the promised eternal inheritance - now that he has died as a ransom to set them free from the sins committed under the first covenant." (Hebrews 9:15)

  • To destroy the devil's work:

    "And having disarmed the powers and authorities, he made a public spectacle of them, triumphing over them by the cross." (Colossians 2:15)

    "Since the children have flesh and blood, he too shared in their humanity so that by his death he might destroy him who holds the power of death - that is, the devil" (Hebrews 2:14)

    "He who does what is sinful is of the devil, because the devil has been sinning from the beginning. The reason the Son of God appeared was to destroy the devil's work." (1 John 3:8)

  • To cancel the Old Covenant and the Law of Moses (see my article called Covenants, Dispensations, and the Ten Commandments - Part Three):

    "Christ is the end of the law so that there may be righteousness for everyone who believes." (Romans 10:4)

    "But now in Christ Jesus you who once were far away have been brought near through the blood of Christ. For he himself is our peace, who has made the two one and has destroyed the barrier, the dividing wall of hostility, by abolishing in his flesh the law with its commandments and regulations." (Ephesians 2:13-15)

    "When you were dead in your sins and in the uncircumcision of your sinful nature, God made you alive with Christ. He forgave us all our sins, having canceled the written code, with its regulations, that was against us and that stood opposed to us; he took it away, nailing it to the cross." (Colossians 2:13-14)

    "By calling this covenant "new," he has made the first one obsolete; and what is obsolete and aging will soon disappear." (Hebrews 8:13)

  • To initiate the New Covenant and the Law of Christ (see my series called Covenants, Dispensations, and the Ten Commandments):

    "In the same way, after the supper he took the cup, saying, "This cup is the new covenant in my blood, which is poured out for you." (Luke 22:20)

    "In the same way, after supper he took the cup, saying, "This cup is the new covenant in my blood; do this, whenever you drink it, in remembrance of me."" (1 Corinthians 11:25)

    "But in fact the ministry Jesus has received is as superior to theirs as the covenant of which he is mediator is superior to the old one, since the new covenant is established on better promises. For if there had been nothing wrong with that first covenant, no place would have been sought for another. But God found fault with the people and said: "The days are coming, declares the Lord, when I will make a new covenant with the people of Israel and with the people of Judah. It will not be like the covenant I made with their ancestors when I took them by the hand to lead them out of Egypt, because they did not remain faithful to my covenant, and I turned away from them, declares the Lord. This is the covenant I will establish with the people of Israel after that time, declares the Lord. I will put my laws in their minds and write them on their hearts. I will be their God, and they will be my people. No longer will they teach their neighbor, or say to one another, 'Know the Lord,' because they will all know me, from the least of them to the greatest. For I will forgive their wickedness and will remember their sins no more." By calling this covenant "new," he has made the first one obsolete; and what is obsolete and outdated will soon disappear." (Hebrews 8:6-13)

    "For this reason Christ is the mediator of a new covenant, that those who are called may receive the promised eternal inheritance - now that he has died as a ransom to set them free from the sins committed under the first covenant." (Hebrews 9:15)

    "to Jesus the mediator of a new covenant, and to the sprinkled blood that speaks a better word than the blood of Abel." (Hebrews 12:24)

  • To restore to humans the dominion over the earth that was usurped by the devil due to Adam's sin as we'll see in Part Two:

    "It is not to angels that he has subjected the world to come, about which we are speaking. But there is a place where someone has testified: "What is man that you are mindful of him, the son of man that you care for him? You made him a little lower than the angels; you crowned him with glory and honor and put everything under his feet." In putting everything under him, God left nothing that is not subject to him. Yet at present we do not see everything subject to him." (Hebrews 2:5)

  • To become a merciful and faithful high priest:

    "For this reason he had to be made like his brothers in every way, in order that he might become a merciful and faithful high priest in service to God, and that he might make atonement for the sins of the people. Because he himself suffered when he was tempted, he is able to help those who are being tempted." (Hebrews 2:17-18)

    "When Christ came as high priest of the good things that are already here, he went through the greater and more perfect tabernacle that is not man-made, that is to say, not a part of this creation." (Hebrews 9:11)


These are the main reasons why Jesus needed to become fully human.


Jesus Went to Hades after He Died

Some Christian creeds, such as the Apostles' Creed Offsite Link, say that Jesus went to hell after He died. To determine if this is accurate, first we need to find out what hell is. We'll do this by looking at several Greek words in the Bible.

Hades

In the New Testament, the Greek word hades refers to the place where the departed spirits of the dead go. Here are some things that Bible scholars say about hades:
"the place (state) of departed souls: - grave, hell." (Strong's Hebrew and Greek Dictionary)

"Hades is technically the unseen world, the Hebrew Sheol, the land of the departed, that is death." (Robertson's Word Pictures in the New Testament, Matthew 16:18, emphasis added)

"The Greek word "Hades" means literally "a place devoid of light; a dark, obscure abode"; and in Greek writers was applied to the dark and obscure regions where disembodied spirits were supposed to dwell." (Albert Barnes' Notes on the Whole Bible, Acts 2:27, emphasis added)

"Hades never denotes the physical grave nor is it the permanent region of the lost. It is the intermediate state between death and the ultimate hell, Gehenna" (The Complete Word Study Dictionary of the Old and New Testaments, Dr. Spiros Zodhiates, emphasis added)
So according to a number of Bible scholars, hades is a temporary place of confinement where the spirits of the dead go, equivalent to sheol in the Old Testament. Here are all of the New Testament passages that use the Greek word hades: Matthew 11:23, 16:18, Luke 10:15, 16:23, Acts 2:27, 31, 1 Corinthians 15:55, Revelation 1:18, 6:8, 20:14.

Now let's take a look at a passage that provides a description of hades:
"The time came when the beggar died and the angels carried him to Abraham's side. The rich man also died and was buried. In Hades, where he was in torment, he looked up and saw Abraham far away, with Lazarus by his side. So he called to him, 'Father Abraham, have pity on me and send Lazarus to dip the tip of his finger in water and cool my tongue, because I am in agony in this fire.' But Abraham replied, 'Son, remember that in your lifetime you received your good things, while Lazarus received bad things, but now he is comforted here and you are in agony. And besides all this, between us and you a great chasm has been set in place, so that those who want to go from here to you cannot, nor can anyone cross over from there to us.'" (Luke 16:22-26)
In the above parable, Jesus described an unrighteous man being tormented in hades, and this man looked up and saw Abraham far away. This indicates that hades consisted of two compartments before the cross. In one compartment the unrighteous dead are being held in torment until Judgment Day, and in another compartment the righteous dead were held in relative comfort (until Jesus went up to heaven as we'll see later). Between these two compartments there was a chasm that made it impossible for people to travel from one compartment to the other, which seems to imply that unrighteous people did not have a second chance to become righteous after they died (before the cross). After the cross, Hebrews 9:27 says that "people are destined to die once, and after that to face judgment," but it's not clear which judgment Hebrews 9:27 is referring to. My articles on Bible prophecy (see my home page) show that all Christians will go through the judgment seat of Christ in heaven, and that after the Second Coming, Jesus will sit in judgment over all of the Gentiles who survived the seven-year Tribulation period, and that all unrighteous people throughout history will eventually go through Judgment Day and be cast into the lake of fire. So there are several judgments that are described in the New Testament, and if Hebrews 9:27 is referring to a different form of judging immediately after a person dies then perhaps this is an indication that non-Christians have a second chance to receive salvation after they die. In other words, if non-Christians are given an opportunity to repent after they die then perhaps they will be judged based on that decision and sent to heaven or hades. But if there is such a thing as a second chance to receive salvation after death, it's not clearly described in the Bible.

Some people argue that we can't take Luke 16:22-26 (above) literally because it's a parable, not an actual event, and therefore we can't learn anything about hades from this passage. But if you look closely at all of Jesus' parables, you'll find that they always contain real places and realistic people and realistic events. For example, in the Parable of the Good Samaritan (Luke 10:30-35), notice that the robbers and the robbery victim and the priest and the Levite and the Samaritan are all realistic people, and the setting is a real place on a real road somewhere between the real cities of Jerusalem and Jericho. There are no fantasy creatures such as unicorns, mermaids, fairies, leprechauns, etc., anywhere in Jesus' parables, and His parables never take place in mythical, imaginary settings such as our stories of Metropolis or Middle Earth or Whoville. Jesus always used real-life objects and characters and settings and events in His parables. Therefore, even if Luke 16:22-26 (above) is a parable and not an actual event, we have every reason to believe that it takes place in a real-life setting because Jesus never invented any fantasy settings for any of His parables. To see for yourself, here are all of Jesus' parables: Matthew 7:24-27, 9:16-17, 13:5-8, 24-30, 31-32, 33, 44, 45-46, 47-50, 18:12-14, 23-35, 20:1-16, 21:28-32, 33-46, 22:1-14, 24:45-51, 25:1-13, 14-30, Mark 4:26-29, 13:34-37, Luke 7:31-35, 41-43, 10:25-37, 11:5-8, 12:16-21, 13:6-9, 14:15-24, 28-33, 15:8-10, 11-32, 16:1-9, 17:7-10, 18:1-8, 9-14, 19:11-27.

The KJV always translates hades as "hell" (except in 1 Corinthians 15:55 KJV where it's translated as "grave"), and the 1984 NIV often translated hades as "hell" (the 2011 NIV usually translates hades as "Hades"), and so on. This has given people the impression that hades is hell, but we're going to see that this is not a correct understanding.

Tartarus

"Tartarus" comes from another Greek word (tartaroo) that's sometimes translated into English as "hell." Here's what a prominent Greek dictionary says about tartaroo:
"the subterranean abyss of Greek mythology where demigods were punished. It is mentioned in the pseudepigraphical book of Enoch as the place where fallen angels are confined. It is found only in its verbal form in 2 Pet. 2:4 meaning to cast into or consign to Tartarus. It is part of the realm of death designated in Scripture as Sheol (7585, OT) in the OT and Hades (86) in the NT. These angels are being held in this netherworld dungeon until the day of final judgment." (The Complete Word Study Dictionary of the Old and New Testaments, Dr. Spiros Zodhiates, emphasis added)
In this Greek dictionary we see once again that sheol and hades both refer to the same "realm of death," and we see that tartarus is considered to be a dungeon within hades in which certain fallen angels are confined until Judgment Day. Here's the only passage in the Bible that mentions tartarus:
"For if God did not spare angels when they sinned, but sent them to hell [tartaroo], putting them in chains of darkness to be held for judgment" (2 Peter 2:4)
In the above verse we see the NIV using the English word "hell" again. However, this time the Greek word is tartaroo, which is considered to be a dungeon within hades as we saw.

Gehenna

Gehenna is another Greek word that's often translated as "hell" in the New Testament. Here are some things that Bible scholars say about gehenna:
"The word Gehenna, rendered hell, occurs outside of the Gospels only at Jam 3:6. It is the Greek representative of the Hebrew Ge-Hinnom, or Valley of Hinnom, a deep, narrow glen to the south of Jerusalem, where, after the introduction of the worship of the fire-gods by Ahaz, the idolatrous Jews sacrificed their children to Molech. Josiah formally desecrated it, "that no man might make his son or his daughter pass through the fire to Molech" (2Ki 23:10). After this it became the common refuse-place of the city, into which the bodies of criminals, carcasses of animals, and all sorts of filth were cast. From its depth and narrowness, and its fire and ascending smoke, it became the symbol of the place of the future punishment of the wicked." (Vincent's Word Studies, Matthew 5:22, emphasis added)

"Gehenna is the Valley of Hinnom where the fire burned continually. Here idolatrous Jews once offered their children to Molech (2 Kings 23:10). Jesus finds one cause of murder to be abusive language. Gehenna "should be carefully distinguished from Hades (haides) which is never used for the place of punishment, but for the place of departed spirits, without reference to their moral condition" (Vincent)." (Robertson's Word Pictures in the New Testament, Matthew 5:22, emphasis added)

"Hell, the place or state of the lost and condemned...In the NT Gehenna is presented always as the final place of punishment into which the wicked are cast after the last judgment. It is a place of torment both for body and soul" (The Complete Word Study Dictionary of the Old and New Testaments, Dr. Spiros Zodhiates, emphasis added)
So a number of Bible scholars describe gehenna as being different from hades. Here are all of the passages in the New Testament that use the Greek word gehenna: Matthew 5:22, 29, 30, 10:28, 18:9, 23:15, 33, Mark 9:43, 45, 47, Luke 12:5, James 3:6.

The NIV, KJV, NKJV, and ASV (for instance) always translate gehenna as "hell," and here are some examples where the KJV has translated both hades and gehenna as "hell":
"Because thou wilt not leave my soul in hell [hades], neither wilt thou suffer thine Holy One to see corruption. Thou hast made known to me the ways of life; thou shalt make me full of joy with thy countenance. Men and brethren, let me freely speak unto you of the patriarch David, that he is both dead and buried, and his sepulchre is with us unto this day. Therefore being a prophet, and knowing that God had sworn with an oath to him, that of the fruit of his loins, according to the flesh, he would raise up Christ to sit on his throne; He seeing this before spake of the resurrection of Christ, that his soul was not left in hell [hades], neither his flesh did see corruption." (Acts 2:27-31 KJV)

"And if thy hand offend thee, cut it off: it is better for thee to enter into life maimed, than having two hands to go into hell [gehenna], into the fire that never shall be quenched: Where their worm dieth not, and the fire is not quenched. And if thy foot offend thee, cut it off: it is better for thee to enter halt into life, than having two feet to be cast into hell [gehenna], into the fire that never shall be quenched: Where their worm dieth not, and the fire is not quenched. And if thine eye offend thee, pluck it out: it is better for thee to enter into the kingdom of God with one eye, than having two eyes to be cast into hell [gehenna] fire" (Mark 9:43-47 KJV)
What we've seen is that the KJV (for example) refers to hades as "hell," and it also refers to gehenna as "hell," even though gehenna is different from hades. The KJV and other versions of the Bible are not very clear about what hell is, so we need to dig deeper before we can determine whether or not Jesus went there after He died.

The Lake of Fire

In the book of Revelation, the apostle John made several references to "the lake of fire" (or "the fiery lake of burning sulfur"). Here are some things that Bible scholars say about the lake of fire:
"These both were cast...into a lake - Greek, "...the lake of fire," Gehenna. Satan is subsequently cast into it, at the close of the outbreak which succeeds the millennium (Rev 20:10). Then Death and Hell, as well those not found at the general judgment "written in the book of life"; this constitutes "the second death."" (Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown Commentary, Revelation 19:20, emphasis added)

"In this short sentence the doom is told of all who are out of Christ, for they too follow the devil and the two beasts into the lake of fire (the counterpart of the Gehenna of fire, Matthew 5:22). There is no room here for soul sleeping, for an intermediate state, for a second chance, or for annihilation of the wicked." (Robertson's Word Pictures in the New Testament, Revelation 20:15, emphasis added)
So the lake of fire is the same thing as gehenna, according to various Bible scholars. Here are all of the passages in the New Testament that mention the lake of fire:
"But the beast was captured, and with him the false prophet who had performed the miraculous signs on his behalf. With these signs he had deluded those who had received the mark of the beast and worshiped his image. The two of them were thrown alive into the fiery lake of burning sulfur." (Revelation 19:20)

"And the devil, who deceived them, was thrown into the lake of burning sulfur, where the beast and the false prophet had been thrown. They will be tormented day and night for ever and ever." (Revelation 20:10)

"Then death and Hades were thrown into the lake of fire. The lake of fire is the second death. If anyone's name was not found written in the book of life, he was thrown into the lake of fire." (Revelation 20:14-15)

"But the cowardly, the unbelieving, the vile, the murderers, the sexually immoral, those who practice magic arts, the idolaters and all liars - their place will be in the fiery lake of burning sulfur. This is the second death."" (Revelation 21:8)
The above passages tell us that the lake of fire is the place where all of the unrighteous people throughout history will be in torment day and night. To understand what will ultimately happen to them, see my article called Cheat Sheet #32.

In order to be thorough, here are all of the other passages in the New Testament that seem to be referring to the fire of hell:
"The ax is already at the root of the trees, and every tree that does not produce good fruit will be cut down and thrown into the fire. I baptize you with water for repentance. But after me comes one who is more powerful than I, whose sandals I am not worthy to carry. He will baptize you with the Holy Spirit and fire. His winnowing fork is in his hand, and he will clear his threshing floor, gathering his wheat into the barn and burning up the chaff with unquenchable fire." (Matthew 3:10-12)
[Here John the Baptist described two different baptisms: one for the "wheat," meaning Christians (being baptized with the Holy Spirit), and one for the "chaff," meaning non-Christians (being baptized with unquenchable fire), which is explained in my article called How to Receive the Baptism of the Holy Spirit - Part One.]

""The ax is already at the root of the trees, and every tree that does not produce good fruit will be cut down and thrown into the fire." "What should we do then?" the crowd asked. John answered, "Anyone who has two shirts should share with the one who has none, and anyone who has food should do the same." Even tax collectors came to be baptized. "Teacher," they asked, "what should we do?" "Don't collect any more than you are required to," he told them. Then some soldiers asked him, "And what should we do?" He replied, "Don't extort money and don't accuse people falsely - be content with your pay." The people were waiting expectantly and were all wondering in their hearts if John might possibly be the Messiah. John answered them all, "I baptize you with water. But one who is more powerful than I will come, the straps of whose sandals I am not worthy to untie. He will baptize you with the Holy Spirit and fire. His winnowing fork is in his hand to clear his threshing floor and to gather the wheat into his barn, but he will burn up the chaff with unquenchable fire."" (Luke 3:9-17)
[This passage is the same as Matthew 3:10-12, above.]

"You have heard that it was said to the people long ago, 'You shall not murder, and anyone who murders will be subject to judgment.' But I tell you that anyone who is angry with a brother or sister will be subject to judgment. Again, anyone who says to a brother or sister, 'Raca,' is answerable to the court. And anyone who says, 'You fool!' will be in danger of the fire of hell [gehenna]." (Matthew 5:21-22)

""Watch out for false prophets. They come to you in sheep's clothing, but inwardly they are ferocious wolves. By their fruit you will recognize them. Do people pick grapes from thornbushes, or figs from thistles? Likewise, every good tree bears good fruit, but a bad tree bears bad fruit. A good tree cannot bear bad fruit, and a bad tree cannot bear good fruit. Every tree that does not bear good fruit is cut down and thrown into the fire. Thus, by their fruit you will recognize them." (Matthew 7:15-20)

"Then he left the crowd and went into the house. His disciples came to him and said, "Explain to us the parable of the weeds in the field." He answered, "The one who sowed the good seed is the Son of Man. The field is the world, and the good seed stands for the people of the kingdom. The weeds are the people of the evil one, and the enemy who sows them is the devil. The harvest is the end of the age, and the harvesters are angels. As the weeds are pulled up and burned in the fire, so it will be at the end of the age. The Son of Man will send out his angels, and they will weed out of his kingdom everything that causes sin and all who do evil. They will throw them into the blazing furnace, where there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth."" (Matthew 13:36-42)

"If your hand or your foot causes you to stumble, cut it off and throw it away. It is better for you to enter life maimed or crippled than to have two hands or two feet and be thrown into eternal fire. And if your eye causes you to stumble, gouge it out and throw it away. It is better for you to enter life with one eye than to have two eyes and be thrown into the fire of hell [gehenna]." (Matthew 18:8-9)

"The King will reply, 'Truly I tell you, whatever you did for one of the least of these brothers and sisters of mine, you did for me.' Then he will say to those on his left, 'Depart from me, you who are cursed, into the eternal fire prepared for the devil and his angels. For I was hungry and you gave me nothing to eat, I was thirsty and you gave me nothing to drink, I was a stranger and you did not invite me in, I needed clothes and you did not clothe me, I was sick and in prison and you did not look after me.' They also will answer, 'Lord, when did we see you hungry or thirsty or a stranger or needing clothes or sick or in prison, and did not help you?' He will reply, 'Truly I tell you, whatever you did not do for one of the least of these, you did not do for me.' Then they will go away to eternal punishment, but the righteous to eternal life." (Matthew 25:40-46)

"If your hand causes you to stumble, cut it off. It is better for you to enter life maimed than with two hands to go into hell [gehenna], where the fire never goes out. And if your foot causes you to stumble, cut it off. It is better for you to enter life crippled than to have two feet and be thrown into hell [gehenna]. And if your eye causes you to stumble, pluck it out. It is better for you to enter the kingdom of God with one eye than to have two eyes and be thrown into hell [gehenna], where 'the worms that eat them do not die, and the fire is not quenched.'" (Mark 9:43-48)

"I am the vine; you are the branches. If you remain in me and I in you, you will bear much fruit; apart from me you can do nothing. If you do not remain in me, you are like a branch that is thrown away and withers; such branches are picked up, thrown into the fire and burned." (John 15:5-6)

"If we deliberately keep on sinning after we have received the knowledge of the truth, no sacrifice for sins is left, but only a fearful expectation of judgment and of raging fire that will consume the enemies of God." (Hebrews 10:26-27)

"In a similar way, Sodom and Gomorrah and the surrounding towns gave themselves up to sexual immorality and perversion. They serve as an example of those who suffer the punishment of eternal fire." (Jude 1:7)

"Be merciful to those who doubt; save others by snatching them from the fire; to others show mercy, mixed with fear - hating even the clothing stained by corrupted flesh." (Jude 1:22-23)
So far we've seen that there's a temporary prison in which the spirits of unrighteous dead people are being held until Judgment Day (called sheol in the Old Testament and hades in the New Testament), and there's a place of torment into which all unrighteous people and fallen angels will be cast on Judgment Day (called gehenna and the lake of fire, also described as "unquenchable fire" and "the punishment of eternal fire"). We've seen that some versions of the Bible refer to both of these places as "hell," but notice that someday hades will be thrown into the lake of fire (Revelation 20:14-15, above). Hades and the lake of fire are not the same place and should not both be called "hell."

The Bible doesn't give us a good definition of the English word "hell" because the English word "hell" didn't exist when the Bible was written. English dictionaries also don't give us a good definition of "hell," as these quotes demonstrate:
"1. Bible the place where the spirits of the dead are: identified with Sheol and Hades 2. [often H-] a) Christianity the place where devils live and to which variously sinners and unbelievers are doomed to eternal punishment after death" (Webster's New World Dictionary, emphasis added)

"1. the place or state of punishment of the wicked after death; the abode of evil and condemned spirits; Gehenna or Tartarus...
5. the abode of the dead; Sheol or Hades." (Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1), based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary Offsite Link, emphasis added)

"1. a. often Hell The abode of condemned souls and devils in some religions; the place of eternal punishment for the wicked after death, presided over by Satan...
2. The abode of the dead, identified with the Hebrew Sheol and the Greek Hades; the underworld." (The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition Offsite Link, emphasis added)

"3. (Christianity) the abode of Satan and the forces of evil; where sinners suffer eternal punishment; "Hurl'd headlong...To bottomless perdition, there to dwell" - John Milton; "a demon from the depths of the pit"; "Hell is paved with good intentions" - Dr. Johnson [ant: heaven]
4. (religion) the world of the dead; "No one goes to Hades with all his immense wealth" - Theognis" (WordNet® 3.0, © 2006 by Princeton University Offsite Link, emphasis added)
According to these and other dictionaries, the definition of "hell" includes sheol, hades, and gehenna. But as we've seen, these definitions are inaccurate because hades and gehenna are not the same place. There's a popular belief (described in some of the above dictionaries) that the devil lives in hell and that he's the ruler of hell. However, the truth is that he has never been there (see Revelation 20:10, above, which is a prophetic passage that has not yet happened). No one is in the lake of fire at the moment, and no one has ever been there. When the devil is finally thrown into the lake of fire, it will be for his punishment in torment (Revelation 20:10, above). Demons don't live in hell, and the devil will never preside over hell, which further shows that these dictionary definitions are misleading.

To help us figure out what hell is, notice that we tend to think of heaven as being the ultimate good place, and we tend to think of hell as being the ultimate bad place. In other words, there's no place better than heaven, and there's no place worse than hell. Since the lake of fire (gehenna) is the final place where all unrighteous people will be tormented day and night as we saw above, this means that the lake of fire is a worse place than hades because hades is only a temporary prison until Judgment Day.

Therefore, the lake of fire is the best definition of "hell" because it best fits the description of being the ultimate bad place.

Now that we have a better understanding of what the Bible says about hades and the lake of fire, it's safe to say that Jesus did not go to the lake of fire after He died. Jesus was never unrighteous in any way, and the lake of fire is specifically reserved for the devil, all of his demons, and all unrighteous people throughout history where they will be tormented day and night. Jesus did not go to hell after He died.

But did Jesus go to hades after He died? Before we try to answer this question, there's one more place that we need to know about.

Paradise

Here are some things that Bible scholars say about paradise:
"In paradise - The place where the souls of the righteous remain from death till the resurrection." (Wesley's Explanatory Notes, Luke 23:43, emphasis added)

"In the Jewish theology, the department of Hades where the blessed souls await the resurrection; and therefore equivalent to Abraham's bosom (Luk 16:22, Luk 16:23)." (Vincent's Word Studies, Luke 23:43, emphasis added)

"In later Jewish usage and in the NT, paradeisos is used for the abode of the blessed after death. Paradise, before Christ's resurrection, has been thought to be the region of the blessed in Hades although it was not specifically called by that name (Luke 16:23)." (The Complete Word Study Dictionary of the Old and New Testaments, Dr. Spiros Zodhiates, paradeisos, emphasis added)
So according to a number of Bible scholars, paradise was the section of hades where Abraham and the other righteous people went after they died (before Jesus' resurrection). Here are all of the passages in the New Testament that mention paradise:
"One of the criminals who hung there hurled insults at him: "Aren't you the Messiah? Save yourself and us!" But the other criminal rebuked him. "Don't you fear God," he said, "since you are under the same sentence? We are punished justly, for we are getting what our deeds deserve. But this man has done nothing wrong." Then he said, "Jesus, remember me when you come into your kingdom." Jesus answered him, "Truly I tell you, today you will be with me in paradise."" (Luke 23:39-43)

"I know a man in Christ who fourteen years ago was caught up to the third heaven. Whether it was in the body or out of the body I do not know - God knows. And I know that this man - whether in the body or apart from the body I do not know, but God knows - was caught up to paradise. He heard inexpressible things, things that man is not permitted to tell." (2 Corinthians 12:2-4)

"He who has an ear, let him hear what the Spirit says to the churches. To him who overcomes, I will give the right to eat from the tree of life, which is in the paradise of God." (Revelation 2:7)
Vincent's Word Studies (quoted above) says that paradise is equivalent to "Abraham's bosom," which comes from the following passage:
"The time came when the beggar died and the angels carried him to Abraham's side ["Abraham's bosom" in some translations]. The rich man also died and was buried. In Hades, where he was in torment, he looked up and saw Abraham far away, with Lazarus by his side. So he called to him, 'Father Abraham, have pity on me and send Lazarus to dip the tip of his finger in water and cool my tongue, because I am in agony in this fire.' But Abraham replied, 'Son, remember that in your lifetime you received your good things, while Lazarus received bad things, but now he is comforted here and you are in agony. And besides all this, between us and you a great chasm has been set in place, so that those who want to go from here to you cannot, nor can anyone cross over from there to us.'" (Luke 16:22-26)
So paradise was the compartment in hades where the spirits of Abraham and the other righteous dead people were (before Jesus' resurrection).

In Luke 23:39-43 (above), notice that while Jesus hung on the cross He said to one of the thieves on a cross next to Him, "today you will be with me in paradise." Jesus' death and resurrection had not yet happened, so the repentant thief did not become a Christian (see my article called How to Receive Salvation). Rather, he became an Old Testament saint by his faith (because Christians are New Testament saints, such as in 1 Corinthians 6:2-3 NKJV and 2 Corinthians 1:1 NKJV). Therefore, after his death the repentant thief went to be with Abraham in hades, and that place is what Jesus called "paradise." In fact, Jesus went to paradise as well, because Jesus told the thief, "Truly I tell you, today you will be with me in paradise."

Some people point out that there were no punctuation marks in the original Greek texts, and then they argue that Jesus' words were actually, "Truly I tell you today, you will be with me in paradise." They dispute the placement of the comma before the word "today" on the grounds that there were no commas in the original Greek texts, and they argue that the comma should be placed after the word "today" because this fits better with their doctrines concerning heaven. However, the overwhelming scriptural evidence shows that a comma should be placed before the word "today." In the NIV translation, Jesus is recorded as saying, "Truly I tell you," 78 other times in the Gospels (here are the references: Matthew 5:18, 26, 6:2, 5, 16, 8:10, 10:15, 23, 42, 11:11, 13:17, 16:28, 17:20, 18:3, 13, 18, 19, 19:23, 28, 21:21, 31, 23:36, 24:2, 34, 47, 25:12, 40, 45, 26:13, 21, 34, Mark 3:28, 8:12, 9:1, 41, 10:15, 29, 11:23, 12:43, 13:30, 14:9, 18, 25, 30, Luke 4:24, 9:27, 12:37, 44, 18:17, 29, 21:3, 32, John 1:51, 3:3, 5, 11, 5:19, 24, 25, 6:26, 32, 47, 53, 8:34, 51, 58, 10:1, 7, 12:24, 13:16, 20, 21, 38, 14:12, 16:7, 20, 23, 21:18). When we look at every one of these passages, we can easily see that there's not a single example where Jesus said, "Truly I tell you today." That was not an expression that Jesus used in the Gospels. Instead, Jesus frequently used the expression, "Truly I tell you," before He explained something. Based on Jesus' consistent use of that expression, the weight of evidence shows that Jesus told the repentant thief, "Truly I tell you, today you will be with me in paradise." This indicates that both Jesus and the repentant thief went to paradise on the day that they died.

Jesus went to paradise on the day that He died, which is where Abraham and the other Old Testament saints were as we saw. Since paradise was a compartment within hades, this means that Jesus went to hades after He died. Notice what Acts 2:31 says about Him:
"having foreseen, he did speak concerning the rising again of the Christ, that his soul was not left to hades, nor did his flesh see corruption." (Act 2:31 YLT)
This verse confirms that Jesus temporarily went to hades after He died. Jesus did not go to hell (the lake of fire); He went to hades.

Paradise is now in heaven

This passage has been interpreted in different ways by various Bible scholars:
"Therefore He says: "When He ascended on high, He led captivity captive, and gave gifts to men." (Now this, "He ascended" - what does it mean but that He also first descended into the lower parts of the earth?...)" (Ephesians 4:8-10 NKJV)
Bible commentaries tend to agree with each other that the phrase, "When He ascended on high," refers to Jesus' final Ascension up to heaven. But concerning the phrase, "He led captivity captive," some Bible commentaries argue that these captives are Jesus' enemies, such as the devil and sin and death and so on, while other Bible commentaries argue that these captives are all of Jesus' followers.

If we claim that the captives in the above passage are Jesus' enemies, the problem is that the devil and demons and sin and so on have never been in captivity, and Jesus did not take them with Him when He went up to heaven. The devil is still active on the earth (e.g., Ephesians 6:10-11, 16, 2 Timothy 2:25-26, 1 Peter 5:8, James 4:7, 1 John 5:19), and demons are still active on the earth (e.g., Acts 8:7, 16:16, 19:13-17, 1 Corinthians 10:18-20, Ephesians 6:12, 1 Timothy 4:1-2), and sin is still active on the earth (e.g., Acts 3:19, 10:43, Romans 2:12, 3:9, 23, 6:12-13, 7:15-25), and death is still a reality on the earth, and so on.

If we claim that the captives are all of Jesus' followers, we could point out that we were all bought at the price of His blood (e.g., 1 Corinthians 6:19-20, 7:22-23), so in a certain sense perhaps this makes us Jesus' "captives." But the problem is that this doesn't address the above passage which specifically says that Jesus led captives with Him when He went up to heaven.

In a moment we'll see who those captives were.

When the above passage says that Jesus "descended into the lower parts of the earth," some people assume that this is a reference to His being lowered into a grave after He died. However, this is not likely because the indications are that His tomb was not cut downwards; it was cut horizontally into the side of a rock wall. We're told that Jesus' tomb (owned by Joseph of Arimathea) was "cut out of the rock" (Matthew 27:57-60, Luke 23:50-53), and a large stone was rolled in front of the tomb to seal it, then rolled away to open it after Jesus was resurrected (Matthew 27:57-60, 28:1-2, Mark 16:1-5, Luke 24:1-3, John 20:1-8). This is how several Bible commentaries describe His tomb:
"One must remember that the sepulchers of the Jews were often caverns (Gen 23:9 ff.; Gen 35:20; Gen 49:30), or were hewn artistically out of rocks or in the sides of hills in various forms and sizes, sometimes with several compartments. They were closed by a door or layer of stone, and the entrance was often decorated with ornaments and whitewashed." (The Complete Word Study Dictionary of the Old and New Testaments, Dr. Spiros Zodhiates, mnemeion)

"Tombs were often cut into limestone making a cave in the side of a wall of rock. A stone was placed over the entrance." (The Bible Knowledge Commentary, Walvoord and Zuck, Dallas Theological Seminary, John 11:38-39)

"Laid it in his own new tomb. A rock-hewn sepulcher, cut horizontally into the cliff." (The People's New Testament commentary, Matthew 27:60)

"The stone used to cover the opening of the tomb may not have been more than three or four feet in diameter, since tomb openings were not usually as tall as doorways. In fact, John 20:5 plainly says that one had to stoop down to peer in. But since it fit into a sunken groove, it would be difficult to remove." (Nelson's New Illustrated Bible Commentary, Mark 15:46)
Other people believe that Ephesians 4:8-10 NKJV (above) refers to His descending down from heaven to earth to be born as a human infant. The problem is that this explanation doesn't address the fact that the above passage makes a direct connection between His descending somewhere and then going up to heaven leading "captives" with Him.

The only explanation that fits all of the facts is that Ephesians 4:8-10 NKJV (above) is a reference to His descending to hades after His death, because in the original Greek and Hebrew we see that hades/sheol is always described as being "down" or "under the earth" (e.g., Deuteronomy 32:22, Proverbs 9:18, Isaiah 5:14, 14:9-11, Ezekiel 31:16, 1 Samuel 28:7-15). In a moment we'll see how well this fits with and explains the above passage.

What we've seen so far is that the Bible describes hades as a temporary prison where the spirits of all dead people throughout history were being held in captivity. It had a compartment containing the spirits of all unrighteous dead people, and another compartment (called "paradise" or "Abraham's bosom") containing the spirits of all righteous dead people, and there was a chasm between these two compartments so that no one could move from one place to the other. Jesus told the repentant thief on the cross that they would both be in paradise that very day, which tells us that Jesus descended to the paradise section of hades after His death. Ephesians 4:8-9 NKJV (above) tells us that after Jesus descended somewhere, He then led "captives" with Him as He went up to heaven. The only captives who belong in heaven are righteous captives, and we know that Jesus descended down to paradise in hades where all of the dead righteous people were being held in captivity. At the cross, Jesus atoned for all of our sins, which reconciled us with God and made it possible for righteous people to enter into heaven.

Putting all of this information together, when Jesus went up to heaven from hades, He took the righteous captives in paradise to heaven with Him. Later we'll see that Jesus actually went up to heaven more than once after His death.

In addition, notice that we're told that the devil had the power of death, but since Jesus died on the cross and conquered death He now has the keys of death and hades:
"Inasmuch then as the children have partaken of flesh and blood, He Himself likewise shared in the same, that through death He might destroy him who had the power of death, that is, the devil, and release those who through fear of death were all their lifetime subject to bondage." (Hebrews 2:14-15 NKJV)

"I am the Living One; I was dead, and now look, I am alive for ever and ever! And I hold the keys of death and Hades." (Revelation 1:18)
As Bible commentaries point out, keys in the Bible are symbols of authority and power. With His death, Jesus broke the devil's power and took from him the keys of death and hades, enabling Him to take the righteous captives from paradise in hades up to heaven.

So paradise is now in heaven, as the apostle Paul pointed out:
"I know a man in Christ who fourteen years ago was caught up to the third heaven. Whether it was in the body or out of the body I do not know - God knows. And I know that this man - whether in the body or apart from the body I do not know, but God knows - was caught up to paradise. He heard inexpressible things, things that man is not permitted to tell." (2 Corinthians 12:2-4)
Many Bible scholars say that it was Paul himself who went up to paradise, which was in "the third heaven" according to the above passage. The first-century Jews referred to the atmosphere above the earth as "the first heaven," and they referred to the area of the stars as "the second heaven," and "the third heaven" was considered to be where God's throne is:
"To the third heaven - The Jews sometimes speak of seven heavens, and Muhammed has borrowed this idea from the Jews. But the Bible speaks of but three heavens, and among the Jews in the apostolic ages also the heavens were divided into three:
(1) The aerial, including the clouds and the atmosphere, the heavens above us, until we come to the stars.
(2) the starry heavens, the heavens in which the sun, moon, and stars appear to be situated.
(3) the heavens beyond the stars. That heaven was supposed to be the residence of God, of angels, and of holy spirits. It was this upper heaven, the dwelling-place of God, to which Paul was taken, and whose wonders he was permitted to behold - this region where God dwelt; where Christ was seated at the right hand of the Father, and where the spirits of the just were assembled." (Albert Barnes' Notes on the Whole Bible, 2 Corinthians 12:2, emphasis added)

"Paul was permitted not only to "hear" the things of Paradise, but to see also in some degree the things of the third heaven (compare "visions," 2 Corinthians 12:1)...The first heaven is that of the clouds, the air; the second, that of the stars, the sky; the third is spiritual (Ephesians 4:10)." (Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown Commentary, 2 Corinthians 12:2, emphasis added)

"Even to the third heaven (heos tritou ouranou). It is unlikely that Paul alludes to the idea of seven heavens held by some Jews (Test. of the Twelve Pat._, Levi ii. iii.). He seems to mean the highest heaven where God is (Plummer)." (Robertson's Word Pictures in the New Testament, 2 Corinthians 12:2, emphasis added)

"It is plain from 2Co 12:6-7, that he [Paul] means himself, though in modesty he speaks as of a third person...The third heaven - Where God is; far above the aerial and the starry heaven." (John Wesley's Notes on the Bible, 2 Corinthians 12:2, emphasis added)
So Paul said that paradise is now in heaven (2 Corinthians 12:2-4, above), and he said that when he died he would immediately be with Christ (in heaven):
"If I am to go on living in the body, this will mean fruitful labor for me. Yet what shall I choose? I do not know! I am torn between the two: I desire to depart and be with Christ, which is better by far; but it is more necessary for you that I remain in the body." (Philippians 1:22-24)
Since Paul said that he will be with Christ right after he died, this tells us that he went directly to heaven after he died rather than going to hades. Again, righteous people no longer go to hades after we die, but instead we immediately go to heaven (where paradise is now). All of the unrighteous people throughout history are still in hades. After the cross, when people die without receiving salvation, they go to hades. One thousand years or so after the Second Coming (on Judgment Day), all of the unrighteous people throughout history will be brought out of hades and will be resurrected back into their bodies, then they will be thrown into the lake of fire (see my article called What Will Happen after the Second Coming?).


Jesus Was Fully Human on Earth

The Bible shows that Jesus was 100% human while He lived on the earth:
  • He had a flesh and blood body:

    "On the eighth day, when it was time to circumcise him, he was named Jesus, the name the angel had given him before he had been conceived." (Luke 2:21)

    "Jesus answered them, "Destroy this temple, and I will raise it again in three days." The Jews replied, "It has taken forty-six years to build this temple, and you are going to raise it in three days?" But the temple he had spoken of was his body." (John 2:19-21)

    "And by that will, we have been made holy through the sacrifice of the body of Jesus Christ once for all." (Hebrews 10:10)

    "This is how you can recognize the Spirit of God: Every spirit that acknowledges that Jesus Christ has come in the flesh is from God" (1 John 4:2)

    "Many deceivers, who do not acknowledge Jesus Christ as coming in the flesh, have gone out into the world. Any such person is the deceiver and the antichrist." (2 John 1:7)

  • He had a normal human birth (His conception was miraculous but His birth was completely normal):

    "This is how the birth of Jesus Christ came about: His mother Mary was pledged to be married to Joseph, but before they came together, she was found to be with child through the Holy Spirit. Because Joseph her husband was a righteous man and did not want to expose her to public disgrace, he had in mind to divorce her quietly. But after he had considered this, an angel of the Lord appeared to him in a dream and said, "Joseph son of David, do not be afraid to take Mary home as your wife, because what is conceived in her is from the Holy Spirit. She will give birth to a son, and you are to give him the name Jesus, because he will save his people from their sins." All this took place to fulfill what the Lord had said through the prophet: "The virgin will be with child and will give birth to a son, and they will call him Immanuel" - which means, "God with us." When Joseph woke up, he did what the angel of the Lord had commanded him and took Mary home as his wife. But he had no union with her until she gave birth to a son. And he gave him the name Jesus." (Matthew 1:18-25)

    "But when the time had fully come, God sent his Son, born of a woman, born under law" (Galatians 4:4)

  • He had a human ancestry:

    "A record of the genealogy of Jesus Christ the son of David, the son of Abraham" (Matthew 1:1)

    "the gospel he promised beforehand through his prophets in the Holy Scriptures regarding his Son, who as to his human nature was a descendant of David," (Romans 1:2-3)

  • He experienced hunger and thirst:

    "Then Jesus was led by the Spirit into the desert to be tempted by the devil. After fasting forty days and forty nights, he was hungry." (Matthew 4:1-2)

    "Early in the morning, as he was on his way back to the city, he was hungry." (Matthew 21:18)

    "Later, knowing that all was now completed, and so that the Scripture would be fulfilled, Jesus said, "I am thirsty."" (John 19:28)

  • He experienced human emotions and temptations:

    "Because he himself suffered when he was tempted, he is able to help those who are being tempted." (Hebrews 2:18)

    "For we do not have a high priest who is unable to sympathize with our weaknesses, but we have one who has been tempted in every way, just as we are - yet was without sin." (Hebrews 4:15)

    "Jesus looked at him and loved him. "One thing you lack," he said. "Go, sell everything you have and give to the poor, and you will have treasure in heaven. Then come, follow me."" (Mark 10:21)

    "When he saw the crowds, he had compassion on them, because they were harassed and helpless, like sheep without a shepherd." (Matthew 9:36)

    "Then Jesus asked them, "Which is lawful on the Sabbath: to do good or to do evil, to save life or to kill?" But they remained silent. He looked around at them in anger and, deeply distressed at their stubborn hearts, said to the man, "Stretch out your hand." He stretched it out, and his hand was completely restored." (Mark 3:4-5)

    "Jesus wept." (John 11:35)

    "During the days of Jesus' life on earth, he offered up prayers and petitions with loud cries and tears to the one who could save him from death, and he was heard because of his reverent submission." (Hebrews 5:7)

    "And being in anguish, he prayed more earnestly, and his sweat was like drops of blood falling to the ground." (Luke 22:44)

    "Now my heart is troubled, and what shall I say? 'Father, save me from this hour'? No, it was for this very reason I came to this hour." (John 12:27)

  • He suffered and bled and died:

    "Although he was a son, he learned obedience from what he suffered" (Hebrews 5:8)

    "When he had received the drink, Jesus said, "It is finished." With that, he bowed his head and gave up his spirit. Now it was the day of Preparation, and the next day was to be a special Sabbath. Because the Jews did not want the bodies left on the crosses during the Sabbath, they asked Pilate to have the legs broken and the bodies taken down. The soldiers therefore came and broke the legs of the first man who had been crucified with Jesus, and then those of the other. But when they came to Jesus and found that he was already dead, they did not break his legs. Instead, one of the soldiers pierced Jesus' side with a spear, bringing a sudden flow of blood and water." (John 19:30-34)


These examples demonstrate that Jesus was fully human during His incarnation on earth. He was not a divine spirit who was pretending to be human, but instead He was fully human in every sense, although without sin (2 Corinthians 5:21, Hebrews 4:15, 7:26, 1 John 3:5). We'll examine more about His humanity and His divinity in Part Three.


Jesus Was God during the Incarnation

Jesus did not give up any of His divinity during His incarnation (His life on earth), but instead He was fully God the entire time that He lived on the earth:
  • In the Old Testament, when the word "LORD" is fully capitalized it's a translation of the Hebrew word for Jehovah. Notice that Jehovah God is "the Holy One" in the Old Testament:

    "This is what the LORD says - your Redeemer, the Holy One of Israel" (Isaiah 43:14)

    "I am the LORD, your Holy One, Israel's Creator, your King." (Isaiah 43:15)
    In the New Testament, Jesus is called "the Holy One":
    ""How will this be," Mary asked the angel, "since I am a virgin?" The angel answered, "The Holy Spirit will come upon you, and the power of the Most High will overshadow you. So the holy one to be born will be called the Son of God." (Luke 1:34-35)

    "Simon Peter answered him, "Lord, to whom shall we go? You have the words of eternal life. We believe and know that you are the Holy One of God."" (John 6:68-69)
    Therefore, Jesus was Jehovah God even while He was a human on the earth.

  • In the Old Testament, God said that He is the "Savior":

    "For I am the LORD, your God, the Holy One of Israel, your Savior; I give Egypt for your ransom, Cush and Seba in your stead." (Isaiah 43:3)

    "I, even I, am the LORD, and apart from me there is no savior. I have revealed and saved and proclaimed - I, and not some foreign god among you. You are my witnesses," declares the LORD, "that I am God." (Isaiah 43:11-12)
    In the New Testament, Jesus is called the "Savior":
    "Today in the town of David a Savior has been born to you; he is Christ the Lord." (Luke 2:11)

    "From this man's descendants God has brought to Israel the Savior Jesus, as he promised." (Acts 13:23)
    Therefore, Jesus was Jehovah God even while He was a human on the earth.

  • In the Old Testament, Jehovah God said that He is the King of Israel:

    "I am the LORD, your Holy One, Israel's Creator, your King." (Isaiah 43:15)
    In the New Testament, Jesus is called the King of Israel, and notice that He accepted that title:
    "The next day the great crowd that had come for the Feast heard that Jesus was on his way to Jerusalem. They took palm branches and went out to meet him, shouting, "Hosanna! " "Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord!" "Blessed is the King of Israel!"" (John 12:12-13)

    ""How do you know me?" Nathanael asked. Jesus answered, "I saw you while you were still under the fig tree before Philip called you." Then Nathanael declared, "Rabbi, you are the Son of God; you are the king of Israel." Jesus said, "You believe because I told you I saw you under the fig tree. You will see greater things than that."" (John 1:48-50)
    Therefore, Jesus was Jehovah God even while He was a human on the earth.

  • In the Old Testament, Isaiah prophesied about someone calling to prepare the way for Jehovah God:

    "A voice of one calling: "In the desert prepare the way for the LORD; make straight in the wilderness a highway for our God."" (Isaiah 40:3)
    The New Testament tells us that John the Baptist was the fulfillment of Isaiah's prophecy:
    "In those days John the Baptist came, preaching in the Desert of Judea and saying, "Repent, for the kingdom of heaven is near." This is he who was spoken of through the prophet Isaiah: "A voice of one calling in the desert, 'Prepare the way for the Lord, make straight paths for him.'"" (Matthew 3:1-3)
    John the Baptist told people to prepare the way for Jesus, and therefore Jesus was Jehovah God even while He was a human on the earth.

  • The New Testament says that Jesus is God:

    "Theirs are the patriarchs, and from them is traced the human ancestry of Christ, who is God over all, forever praised! Amen." (Romans 9:5)

    "while we wait for the blessed hope - the appearing of the glory of our great God and Savior, Jesus Christ" (Titus 2:13)
    ["Of our great God and Saviour Jesus Christ (tou megalou theou kai soteros Iesou Christou). This is the necessary meaning of the one article with theou and soteros just as in 2Pe 1:1, 2Pe 1:11." (Robertson's Word Pictures in the New Testament, Titus 2:13)]

    "But about the Son he says, "Your throne, O God, will last for ever and ever, and righteousness will be the scepter of your kingdom."" (Hebrews 1:8)

    "Simon Peter, a servant and apostle of Jesus Christ, To those who through the righteousness of our God and Savior Jesus Christ have received a faith as precious as ours" (2 Peter 1:1)
    ["The grammar here clearly indicates that "God and Savior" are one Person, not two (i.e., there is one Gr. article with two substantives). This passage ranks with the great Christological passages of the New Testament which plainly teach that Jesus Christ is coequal in nature with God the Father (cf. Mat 16:16; Joh 1:1; Joh 20:28; Tit 2:13)." (The Bible Knowledge Commentary, Walvoord and Zuck, Dallas Theological Seminary, 2 Peter 1:1)]


As the above passages demonstrate, Jesus was Jehovah God during His life on earth. We'll examine more about His humanity and His divinity in Part Three.


Jesus Knew That He Is God

While He was on the earth, Jesus knew that He is God and He accepted people's worship:
  • Jesus said that He is God, and He claimed to be able to do things that only God can do:

    "Then Jesus said to her, "Your sins are forgiven." The other guests began to say among themselves, "Who is this who even forgives sins?" Jesus said to the woman, "Your faith has saved you; go in peace."" (Luke 7:48-50)

    "The woman said, "I know that Messiah" (called Christ) "is coming. When he comes, he will explain everything to us." Then Jesus declared, "I who speak to you am he."" (John 4:25-26)

    "Jesus said to them, "My Father is always at his work to this very day, and I, too, am working." For this reason the Jews tried all the harder to kill him; not only was he breaking the Sabbath, but he was even calling God his own Father, making himself equal with God." (John 5:17-18)

    [Jesus is speaking:] "I give them eternal life, and they shall never perish; no one can snatch them out of my hand. My Father, who has given them to me, is greater than all; no one can snatch them out of my Father's hand. I and the Father are one." (John 10:28-30)

  • The Jewish leaders understood that He was claiming to be God, and therefore they repeatedly tried to kill Him for blasphemy:

    "When Jesus saw their faith, he said to the paralytic, "Son, your sins are forgiven." Now some teachers of the law were sitting there, thinking to themselves, "Why does this fellow talk like that? He's blaspheming! Who can forgive sins but God alone?"" (Mark 2:5-7)

    [At Jesus' trial] "Then the high priest stood up before them and asked Jesus, "Are you not going to answer? What is this testimony that these men are bringing against you?" But Jesus remained silent and gave no answer. Again the high priest asked him, "Are you the Christ, the Son of the Blessed One?" "I am," said Jesus. "And you will see the Son of Man [Jesus] sitting at the right hand of the Mighty One and coming on the clouds of heaven." The high priest tore his clothes. "Why do we need any more witnesses?" he asked. "You have heard the blasphemy. What do you think?" They all condemned him as worthy of death." (Mark 14:60-64)

    "Again the Jews picked up stones to stone him, but Jesus said to them, "I have shown you many great miracles from the Father. For which of these do you stone me?" "We are not stoning you for any of these," replied the Jews, "but for blasphemy, because you, a mere man, claim to be God."" (John 10:31-33)

  • Jesus accepted honor and worship that rightfully belong only to God:

    [Jesus is talking to the apostle Peter] ""But what about you?" he asked. "Who do you say I am?" Simon Peter answered, "You are the Christ, the Son of the living God." Jesus replied, "Blessed are you, Simon son of Jonah, for this was not revealed to you by man, but by my Father in heaven."" (Matthew 16:15-17)

    [After Jesus died and was resurrected] "So the women hurried away from the tomb [of Jesus], afraid yet filled with joy, and ran to tell his disciples. Suddenly Jesus met them. "Greetings," he said. They came to him, clasped his feet and worshiped him. Then Jesus said to them, "Do not be afraid. Go and tell my brothers to go to Galilee; there they will see me."" (Matthew 28:8-10)

    [After Jesus died and was resurrected] "Then the eleven disciples went to Galilee, to the mountain where Jesus had told them to go. When they saw him, they worshiped him; but some doubted. Then Jesus came to them and said, "All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me."" (Matthew 28:16-18)

    [After Jesus died and was resurrected] "A week later his disciples were in the house again, and Thomas was with them. Though the doors were locked, Jesus came and stood among them and said, "Peace be with you!" Then he said to Thomas, "Put your finger here; see my hands. Reach out your hand and put it into my side. Stop doubting and believe." Thomas said to him, "My Lord and my God!" Then Jesus told him, "Because you have seen me, you have believed; blessed are those who have not seen and yet have believed." Jesus did many other miraculous signs in the presence of his disciples, which are not recorded in this book. But these are written that you may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and that by believing you may have life in his name." (John 20:26-31)


If Jesus was a great moral man or a great prophet (and nothing else), as non-Christians often say, then He would have corrected people who tried to worship Him as God. But instead, He accepted their worship. He knew that He is God.


Jesus Will Return from Heaven Twice

At some point in the future, Jesus will return from heaven to the clouds above the earth, and then He will "snatch up" all Christians (alive or dead) to meet Him in the clouds and take us back with Him into heaven. All of the dead Christians will be resurrected into their physical bodies, and all of our physical bodies will instantly be made immortal. Many pastors and Bible teachers refer to that event as the pre-tribulational Rapture (see my series called The Rapture of the Church). In the Latin Vulgate Bible, the Latin word for "caught up" or "snatch up" in 1 Thessalonians 4:16-18 is where we get the English term "Rapture" for this event.

Seven years after the Rapture, Jesus will return from heaven all the way down to the earth, and everyone in heaven will return to earth with Him. Pastors and Bible teachers refer to that event as the Second Coming, and my article called The Second Coming describes the very specific details that we're given about the Second Coming and what will happen immediately after Jesus returns to the earth. We will not spend eternity in heaven as most Christians seem to think.

After the Second Coming, Jesus will reign on earth for one thousand years, and all of the righteous people throughout history will reign with Him. Pastors and Bible teachers refer to that as the Millennium and the Millennial kingdom, and my article called What Will Happen after the Second Coming? describes the very specific details that we're given about what will happen during the 75 days after Jesus returns to the earth and what life and government will be like during the Millennium and on into eternity.

There are no Bible prophecies that need to be fulfilled before the Rapture happens, so the Rapture could happen at any moment, perhaps before you finish reading this series. In fact, end-times prophecies in the Bible are being fulfilled at an unprecedented rate, right in front of our eyes. Bit by bit, step by step, the world is shaping itself into an exact picture of the end-times world described throughout the Bible, and my article called End-Times Prophecies Are Coming to Pass Right before Our Eyes describes the very specific end-times prophecies that have been fulfilled since early in the twentieth century (or are currently being fulfilled).

More end-times prophecies have been fulfilled in the last 80 years or so than in the previous 1900 years all put together, which indicates that the Rapture is very near. Jesus is returning soon. Are you ready? (To get an idea of how close we might be to the Rapture, see the intended impact of my book.)


Continue on to Part Two.


For the glory of the Lord Jesus, the Christ, the Son of God, who came in the flesh, was delivered over to death for our sins, and was raised to life for our justification.

Dave Root
home page and email: https://www.vividchristianity.com

"Therefore I want you to know that no one who is speaking by the Spirit of God says, "Jesus be cursed," and no one can say, "Jesus is Lord," except by the Holy Spirit." (1 Corinthians 12:3)

"Who is the liar? It is whoever denies that Jesus is the Christ. Such a person is the antichrist - denying the Father and the Son. No one who denies the Son has the Father; whoever acknowledges the Son has the Father also." (1 John 2:22-23)

"If anyone acknowledges that Jesus is the Son of God, God lives in them and they in God." (1 John 4:15)

"Dear friends, do not believe every spirit, but test the spirits to see whether they are from God, because many false prophets have gone out into the world. This is how you can recognize the Spirit of God: Every spirit that acknowledges that Jesus Christ has come in the flesh is from God, but every spirit that does not acknowledge Jesus is not from God. This is the spirit of the antichrist, which you have heard is coming and even now is already in the world." (1 John 4:1-3)

"And this is love: that we walk in obedience to his commands. As you have heard from the beginning, his command is that you walk in love. I say this because many deceivers, who do not acknowledge Jesus Christ as coming in the flesh, have gone out into the world. Any such person is the deceiver and the antichrist." (2 John 1:6-7)

"He was delivered over to death for our sins and was raised to life for our justification." (Romans 4:25)
 
 
Modification History
  • 07/06/2024 - Added an update in the Introduction section.

  • 07/02/2024 - Slightly modified the section called "Jesus Will Return from Heaven Twice."

  • 06/28/2024 - Added a link to my book in the section called "Jesus Will Return from Heaven Twice."

  • 06/20/2024 - Added a link to my article called "Cheat Sheet" in the section called "The Lake of Fire."

  • 05/29/2024 - Added links to my article called "Cheat Sheet" in the section called "Jesus Talks to Us, Guides Us, Teaches Us" and the section called "Jesus Is the One and Only Son of God."

  • 04/29/2024 - Added some information in the section called "Paradise is now in heaven."

  • 04/19/2024 - Slightly modified the section called "Paradise is now in heaven."

  • 04/14/2024 - Added John 8:47 in the section called "Jesus Talks to Us, Guides Us, Teaches Us."

  • 12/31/2023 - Deleted some bullet points in the section called "Jesus Was God during the Incarnation" because the same information is in the following section.

  • 09/21/2023 - Slightly modified the section called "Paradise." Slightly modified the section called "Jesus Knew That He Is God."

  • 01/18/2023 - Modified the last statement in the section called "Jesus Is Our King, Our Savior, Our Brother, Our Friend."

  • 12/13/2022 - Added all of the other passages in the New Testament that seem to be referring to the fire of hell in the section called "The Lake of Fire."

  • 10/15/2022 - Modified the section called "Jesus Will Return from Heaven Twice."

  • 07/23/2022 - Modified my closing statement.

  • 04/26/2022 - Added some more information in the last paragraph in the section called "Paradise Is Now in Heaven."

  • 01/24/2022 - Added some more information in the section called "Jesus Talks to Us, Guides Us, Teaches Us."

  • 11/07/2021 - Modified the section called "Jesus Talks to Us, Guides Us, Teaches Us." Modified the subsection called "Hades."

  • 11/03/2021 - Made the font size a bit bigger and added a fish symbol as a favicon (which is displayed in the browser tab).

  • 05/29/2021 - Added the fact that Jesus was a ransom for us, in the reasons why Jesus needed to become fully human. Added a subsection called "Tartarus" in the section called "Jesus Went to Hades after He Died."

  • 06/28/2020 - Reorganized the sections in this series.

  • 03/30/2020 - New series that combines several of my previous articles.